Geography: 102 interactive topics
Maps, landforms, weather, climate, population and settlements: understand how our planet and people connect.
About Geography at secondary level
Geography on LearnViz SecondaryEdu has 102 interactive topics. Geography explains how places, people and natural processes connect, so each topic here combines a clear definition with a visual model.
Every topic has a clear definition, key points written for secondary school, an animation you can control, and a three-question quiz. Topics are independent, so you can start anywhere.
How to study Geography with LearnViz
- Start with a topic you already know a little about, then move to one that is new to you.
- Use the animation before you read the key points. Predicting the result first makes the explanation easier to remember.
- Finish each quiz, then review the questions you got wrong. Mark a topic complete once you can explain it in your own words.
- Find one real place linked to each topic and note one fact you could use in an answer.
102 topics
1Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and longitude are imaginary lines that form a grid on the…2The Equator and HemispheresThe Equator is the line of 0 degrees latitude that divides Earth…3Tropics and Polar CirclesThe Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn and the Arctic and Antarctic…4Reading MapsMaps are scaled drawings of the Earth that use symbols, a key and a…5Map Scale and DistanceMap scale shows how much smaller the map is than the real world,…6Grid ReferencesA grid reference uses numbered gridlines to give the exact location…7Contour Lines and ReliefContour lines join points of equal height on a map, and their…8Map ProjectionsA map projection is a way of flattening the curved Earth onto a…9Time ZonesTime zones divide the world into regions that share the same…10Earth's StructureEarth has four layers: the solid inner core, liquid outer core,…11Plate TectonicsPlate tectonics is the theory that Earth's crust is split into…12Plate BoundariesPlates meet at destructive, constructive, conservative and…13VolcanoesA volcano is an opening in the crust where molten rock, ash and…14EarthquakesAn earthquake is the sudden release of energy in the crust that…15Living with Tectonic HazardsPeople reduce the risk from earthquakes and volcanoes through…16Fold MountainsFold mountains form when two plates collide and the crust is…17The Rock CycleThe rock cycle is the continual change of rocks between igneous,…18WeatheringWeathering is the breakdown of rock where it lies, caused by…19Erosion and DepositionErosion is the wearing away and transport of rock by rivers, ice,…20River Processes and LandformsRivers shape the land through erosion, transport and deposition,…21The River CourseA river changes from source to mouth, with steep valleys and…22Drainage BasinsA drainage basin is the area of land drained by a river and its…23FloodingFlooding happens when river discharge exceeds channel capacity, and…24Coastal ErosionWaves erode the coast through hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition…25Coastal Deposition and LandformsWhere waves lose energy they deposit sand and shingle, building…26Coastal ManagementCoastal management protects shorelines using hard engineering such…27Glaciers and Ice AgesGlaciers are slow-moving rivers of ice that carve valleys, and ice…28Deserts and Arid LandscapesDeserts are dry regions receiving little rainfall, where wind and…29Weather vs ClimateWeather is the day-to-day state of the atmosphere, while climate is…30Measuring WeatherWeather is measured using instruments such as thermometers, rain…31Atmosphere and Air PressureThe atmosphere is a layer of gases around Earth, and air pressure…32Wind and Global CirculationGlobal winds are driven by the uneven heating of Earth, which…33Types of RainfallRain forms when moist air rises, cools and condenses, and the three…34Weather Fronts and DepressionsA weather front is the boundary between warm and cold air masses,…35CloudsClouds form when water vapour condenses into droplets, and their…36Tropical StormsTropical storms such as hurricanes and typhoons are powerful…37World Climate ZonesThe world has climate zones such as tropical, desert, temperate and…38Tropical RainforestsTropical rainforests are hot, wet ecosystems near the Equator that…39Hot DesertsHot deserts receive less than 250 mm of rain a year and have…40Temperate and Polar EcosystemsTemperate forests have deciduous trees and seasonal change, while…41Climate Change CausesClimate change is a long-term change in global temperature and…42Effects of Climate ChangeClimate change leads to rising temperatures, melting ice, sea-level…43Responding to Climate ChangeResponses include reducing emissions through renewable energy and…44Natural ResourcesNatural resources are materials from the Earth that people use,…45Water Resources and SupplyWater supply depends on rainfall, rivers and groundwater, but many…46Energy Resources and MixThe energy mix is the combination of sources, such as coal, gas,…47Soil and Land UseSoil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, water and air, and…48Agriculture and Farming TypesFarming types include arable, pastoral, mixed, subsistence and…49Fishing and ForestryFishing and forestry are primary industries that must be managed…50Mining and QuarryingMining extracts valuable minerals from the ground, creating jobs…51World Population DistributionPopulation is unevenly spread across the world, with dense areas…52Population GrowthWorld population has grown rapidly since the 1800s because death…53The Demographic Transition ModelThe demographic transition model describes how birth and death…54Population PyramidsA population pyramid shows the age and sex structure of a…55Population PoliciesGovernments may try to change population size with policies such as…56MigrationMigration is the movement of people from one place to another,…57UrbanisationUrbanisation is the increasing proportion of people living in towns…58Settlement PatternsSettlements can be dispersed, linear or nucleated, depending on…59Settlement HierarchySettlements range from hamlets to megacities, and larger places…60Urban Land Use ModelsUrban models such as the concentric zone model show how land use…61Urban Problems and SolutionsCities face challenges such as traffic congestion, housing…62MegacitiesA megacity is a city with over ten million inhabitants, often…63Sustainable CitiesSustainable cities aim to meet people's needs without harming the…64Development IndicatorsDevelopment indicators such as GDP per capita, life expectancy and…65Causes of Uneven DevelopmentUneven development is caused by factors such as history, climate,…66Reducing the Development GapThe development gap can be reduced through aid, fair trade, debt…67GlobalisationGlobalisation is the growing connection between countries through…68Trade and ExportsTrade is the exchange of goods and services between countries, and…69TourismTourism is travel for leisure, and it brings money and jobs to a…70Transport and CommunicationTransport networks of roads, rail, air and sea link places, and…71Industry SectorsThe economy is divided into primary, secondary, tertiary and…72Industrial LocationFactories locate where costs are lowest, considering raw materials,…73DeindustrialisationDeindustrialisation is the decline of manufacturing in a country as…74Food SecurityFood security means that everyone always has access to enough safe…75Water Management SchemesLarge schemes such as dams and reservoirs manage water for…76Natural Hazard RiskHazard risk depends on the type of hazard, how vulnerable people…77Wildfires and DroughtsWildfires and droughts are hazards linked to extended dry weather,…78Ecosystems and BiomesA biome is a large ecosystem such as tundra or savanna, defined by…79Conservation and Protected AreasNational parks and nature reserves protect habitats and species…80DeforestationDeforestation is the removal of forests for farming, logging or…81Ocean CurrentsOcean currents are large movements of water driven by wind, heat…82TidesTides are the regular rise and fall of sea level caused mainly by…83Seasons and Earth's TiltSeasons are caused by Earth's tilted axis as it orbits the Sun,…84Day and NightDay and night happen because Earth spins on its axis once every 24…85Continents and OceansEarth has seven continents and five oceans, and oceans cover about…86Countries and CapitalsThe world contains almost 200 countries, each with a capital city…87Africa: Physical and Human GeographyAfrica is a diverse continent with deserts, rainforests and…88Asia: Physical and Human GeographyAsia is the largest continent, containing the highest mountains,…89Europe: Physical and Human GeographyEurope is a small, densely populated continent with a mild climate,…90North America: Physical and Human GeographyNorth America stretches from the Arctic to the tropics and includes…91South America: Physical and Human GeographySouth America holds the Amazon rainforest and Andes mountains, and…92Oceania and Polar RegionsOceania includes Australia and thousands of Pacific islands, while…93The United KingdomThe United Kingdom is an island nation made of England, Scotland,…94IndiaIndia is a country in South Asia with the world's largest…95ChinaChina is the most populous East Asian country and has become the…96BrazilBrazil is South America's largest country, home to much of the…97NigeriaNigeria is Africa's most populous country, with an economy based on…98Fieldwork and EnquiryGeographical enquiry follows steps from asking a question to…99Graphs and Data in GeographyGeographers use graphs, tables and maps to present data such as…100GIS and Remote SensingGeographic Information Systems store and display layers of spatial…101Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable development meets the needs of today without…102Geography in the NewsGeography helps us understand current events such as floods,…
Geography: frequently asked questions
How many topics are in Geography?
Geography has 102 interactive topics on this site. Each one has its own page, so you can study them in any order.
Is Geography free to use?
Yes. Every topic, animation and quiz can be used in your browser without creating an account. Your progress is saved only on your own device.
Who is the Geography content for?
It is written for secondary school students studying Geography, and for teachers or parents who want a clear visual explanation. It supports your syllabus and your teacher rather than replacing them.
How do I move between topics?
Each topic page has Previous and Next links, a list of related topics, and a search box in the header. You can also filter the list on this page to find a topic by name.